Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders

耳痛，听力损失，耳漏，耳鸣和眩晕是耳朵问题的主要症状。

鼻子和咽（由鼻咽，口咽和下咽）可能受炎症，感染，创伤，肿瘤和几种其他条件的影响。

耳道的皮炎的特征是外听性肉类和耳道的皮肤的瘙痒，鳞片，剥落和红斑。皮炎可能是由于暴露于过敏原（接触性皮炎）而引起的，也可能是自发的（外部慢性中耳炎，耳神经Zematoid皮炎）。

在全球范围内，大约有十亿人口（占世界人口的8％）有听力损失（1）。美国超过10％的人有一定程度的听力损失，损害了他们的日常沟通，使其成为最常见的感觉障碍。大约1/800至1/1000新生儿天生有严重至严重的听力损失。出生的两到3倍，听力损失较小。在童年时期，另外2至3/1000名儿童会获得中度至重度听力损失。青少年因过度暴露于噪音，头部外伤或两者兼而有之的风险。老年人通常会逐渐减少听力（长老会），这与衰老，噪声暴露和遗传因素的结合直接相关。据估计，美国约有3000万人每天暴露于有害水平的噪音。

Auricular hematomas are drained to prevent chronic deformity of the underlying cartilage.

从鼻子上去除异物需要特定的工具和技能。

Mirror (indirect) laryngoscopy is viewing of the pharynx and larynx using a small, curved mirror.

The inner ear is in the petrous area of the temporal bone. Within the bone is the osseous labyrinth, which encases the membranous labyrinth. The osseous labyrinth includes the vestibular system (made up of the semicircular canals and the vestibule) and the cochlea.

喉部包含声带，并用作气管座树的开口。喉疾病包括

中耳疾病可能继发于感染，尤斯塔克式管阻塞或创伤。有关放置在耳朵中的物体的信息以及鼻漏，鼻阻塞，喉咙痛，上呼吸道感染，过敏，头痛，全身症状和发烧辅助诊断的信息。外听管的出现，通常会诊断出来。检查鼻子，鼻咽和口咽是否有感染和过敏的迹象以及肿瘤的证据。

Nasal vestibulitis is bacterial infection of the nasal vestibule, typically with金黄色葡萄球菌. It may result from nose picking or excessive nose blowing and causes annoying crusts and bleeding when the crusts slough off. Bacitracin or mupirocin ointment applied topically 2 times a day for 14 days is effective.

com的腺样体肥大或炎症mon among children. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, sleep disturbances, and middle ear effusions with hearing loss. Diagnosis is enhanced by flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy. Treatment often includes intranasal corticosteroids, antibiotics, and, for significant nasal obstruction or persistent recurrent acute otitis media or middle ear effusion, adenoidectomy.

每年美国近65,000人患头和颈癌。不包括皮肤和甲状腺癌，> 90％的头颈癌是鳞状细胞（表皮）癌。其余的大部分是腺癌，肉瘤和淋巴瘤。